解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Many devices are used in child assessment and treatment as communication aids, projective tools, and symbolic means of interaction. None are as hotly debated in their application among mental health professionals as dolls with genital details. Anatomically detailed (AD) dolls are often used in sexual-abuse evaluation ...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.118.2.199
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the research literature on sexual fantasy, a central aspect of human sexual behavior. Topics include (a) gender similarities and differences in the incidence, frequency, and content of sexual fantasies and how they relate to sociocultural and sociobiological theories of sexual behavior; (b) the as...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, the magnitude, consistency, and stability across time of cognitive sex differences have been questioned. The present study examined these issues in the context of spatial abilities. A meta-analysis of 286 effect sizes from a variety of spatial ability measures was conducted. Effect sizes were partitio...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.250
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Screening and diagnostic tests are common in the fields of psychology, medicine, and education. Often there are several competing tests, and decisions must be made about the relative accuracy of those tests. This article describes a general measure that can be used for both continuous and dichotomous outcome measures....
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.167
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research on the anatomical bases of interhemispheric interaction, including individual differences in corpus callosum (CC) anatomy, is reviewed. These anatomical findings form the basis for the discussion of two major themes. The first considers interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT) and related issues. These include v...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.195
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article considers the evidence for an imitative deficit in autism and for the possible role of deficiencies in the representation of actions. An argument is developed for the claim that the imitation problem is diagnostic of a basic information-processing rather than a social dysfunction. Reviews are offered of t...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::People who enact multiple identities behave as if they possess 2 or more selves, each with its own characteristic moods, memories, and behavioral repertoire. Under different names, this phenomenon occurs in many cultures; in North American culture, it is frequently labeled multiple personality disorder (MPD). This art...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.143
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interpersonal conflict is considered within various frameworks of adolescent development. Conflict, defined as behavioral opposition, is distinguished from related constructs. Differences between adolescent relationships and across age groups are reviewed in the incidence and intensity, resolution, and outcome of conf...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.2.197
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The P3(00) event-related brain potential (ERP) is used to study the development of alcoholism by comparing males who have a positive family history of alcoholism with control Ss who have no such familial history. Meta-analysis indicated that overall, smaller P3 amplitudes were obtained from males with family histories...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.55
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the utility of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) models for testing the comparability of psychological measurements. Both procedures were used to investigate whether mood ratings collected in Minnesota and China were comparable. Several issues were addressed. The...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.552
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article I review research and theory on the "interference paradigms" in Pavlovian learning. In these situations (e.g., extinction, counterconditioning, and latent inhibition), a conditioned stimulus (CS) is associated with different unconditioned stimuli (USs) or outcomes in different phases of the experiment;...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.80
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A meta-analysis indicated that clinical depression was associated with several large alterations in cellular immunity. Analyzing only methodologically sound studies, reliable immune alterations included lowered proliferative response of lymphocytes to mitogens (effect size rs = .24-.45), lowered natural killer cell ac...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.472
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe burn injuries provide researchers with an opportunity to study the effects of painful but usually transient trauma on psychological functioning. To that end, this article presents a review of the 3 main areas of this body of literature: (a) premorbid characteristics of people who sustain severe burn injuries, (...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.2.362
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors suggest that the most promising route to effective strategies for the prevention of adolescent alcohol and other drug problems is through a risk-focused approach. This approach requires the identification of risk factors for drug abuse, identification of methods by which risk factors have been effectively ...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.64
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A meta-analysis of 205 studies involving 23,702 Ss was conducted to determine whether there are sex differences in self-disclosure. Across these studies, women disclosed slightly more than men (d = .18). This effect size was not homogeneous across studies. Several moderator variables were found. Sex of target and the ...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.106
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of child-, family-, and system-focused interventions have been designed to prevent or reduce the negative effects of divorce on children. This article critically evaluates these intervention efforts by examining (a) their relation to basic research on the processes proposed to mediate children's postdivorce a...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.111.3.434
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article concerns a class of experimental manipulations that require people to generate explanations or imagine scenarios. A review of studies using such manipulations indicates that people who explain or imagine a possibility then express greater confidence in the truth of that possibility. It is argued that this...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.3.499
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article proposes that binge eating is motivated by a desire to escape from self-awareness. Binge eaters suffer from high standards and expectations, especially an acute sensitivity to the difficult (perceived) demands of others. When they fall short of these standards, they develop an aversive pattern of high sel...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.86
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are both monotonic and rhythmic factors in the patterns of change seen in physiological, psychological, and performance variables during sleep deprivation. These monotonic and rhythmic factors can be orthogonal, or they may interact with each other, with various task variables, or both. The importance of separat...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.3.411
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tip-of-the-tongue experience (TOT) has intrigued psychologists for nearly a century. R. Brown and McNeil (1966) provided the first systematic exploration of the phenomenon, and the findings since their seminal study suggest that TOTs (a) are a nearly universal experience, (b) occur about once a week, (c) increase ...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.204
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article examines individual and group manual lateralization in nonhuman primates as a function of task's demands. It is suggested to distinguish low- from high-level manual activities with respect to the novelty variable and to the spatiotemporal scale of the movements. This review shows that low-level tasks lead...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.1.76
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Grafts of fetal and nonfetal brain tissues have been successfully implanted into the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The functional effects of neural grafting in the CNS of rodents and nonhuman primates in a variety of situations are reviewed. Research areas discussed included the effects of dopamine-rich graf...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.462
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A theory is presented that establishes a dominance hierarchy of potential distinctions (order relations) between two distributions. It is proposed that it is worthwhile for researchers to ascertain the strongest possible distinction, because all weaker distinctions are logically implied. Implications of the theory for...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.551
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We comprehensively reviewed 2 types of studies aimed at specifying the mode of inheritance of major affective disorders: quantitative models and linkage analyses. Quantitative models attempt to represent the genetic mechanism responsible for the familial distribution of a disorder. Despite efforts to refine models by ...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.1.109
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The traditional methodology for assessing moderator variables (hierarchical multiple regression analysis) is examined. Possible drawbacks of this technique for corroborating psychological theories (cf. Busemeyer & Jones, 1983), are illustrated empirically on the basis of an analysis of 400,000 subjects. This article t...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.3.385
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the neurological basis of dyslexia has long been assumed, little direct evidence documents a relation between deviations in brain morphology and behavioral correlates of dyslexia. This article reviews two sources of evidence. Results of CT/MRI studies suggest that in the brains of dyslexics there is an increa...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.106.3.447
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article contributes to the debate in the mental health and legal systems concerning involuntary commitments to mental hospitals. The focus is on issues involving the overrepresentation of Black people among adults committed to U.S. public mental institutions and issues involving the assessment of relevant behavio...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.106.2.171
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Outlines 5 models of the temperature-aggression hypothesis: negative affect escape, simple negative affect, excitation transfer/misattribution, cognitive neoassociation, and physiological-thermoregulatory. Reviews relevant studies. Aggression measures include violent crime, spouse abuse, horn-honking, and delivery of ...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.74
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reviews studies on training, experience, and clinical judgment. The results on the validity of judgments generally fail to support the value of on-the-job experience in mental health fields. The validity results do provide limited support for the value of training. Other results suggest that experienced clinicians are...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.387
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Essential hypertension is perhaps the number-one health problem of Black Americans. Research has indicated that stress-induced cardiovascular hyperreactivity may be a significant contributor to essential hypertension. The high prevalence of hypertension among Blacks suggests that this group, in comparison with Whites,...
journal_title:Psychological bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.1.89
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00